# Timeout & retry planner

See the worst-case time and the extra load your timeouts and retries create, and catch retry storms.

## How it works

Each attempt can wait the full timeout, and backoff adds a growing pause between attempts. When several layers each retry, the attempts multiply.

```
worst = (retries + 1) × timeout + Σ backoff
```

## Questions

### Why add jitter?

So clients that failed together don’t all retry at the same moment.

### Where should retries happen?

At one layer, usually closest to the user, with a budget that caps retries to a share of traffic.

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